Committee of Union and Progres: Opposition to Sultan Abdulhamid II government

The subject of our thesis is of the opposition that Committee of Union and Progres made against Abdulhamid in his period. Presenting the qualifications of this opposition is important to understand and evaluate the recent history by comparing the opposition of the İttihadists in terms of political, social, financial and educational aspects to the period and the actions of Abdulhamid. Also, it has another importance to present the beneficial and harmful effects and contributions that the generations who were sent to Europe had when they turned back in the Otoman Innovation Period.The relationship between the European spies and the secret society that New Ottomans established in consequence of the opposition they made against the Monarch and especially the Sublime Porte administration, and within this scope, the coup plans of the İttihadists are the remarked points in our thesis. Moreover, within the framework of New Ottomans? activities leading to the rise of İttihadist Movement, the establishment philosophy of the Union and Progres Movement is pointed out and the relationhip and the connection between them are tried to be provided.It is seen that, İttihadists who opposed to Abdulhamid didn?t have an alternative political programme. İttihadists allied for the dethronement of Abdulhamid, proclamation of Constitutionalism, and setting up the chamber of deputies. Apart from these, they had controversial ideas. They were far from providing a political unity and integrity. Sometimes they gave the impression of being exploited by the Europeans politically. The other important points are that, they tried to instillate biological-materialist and positivist ideas to provide Westernization. The İttihadists who defended reforms in education, had very mediocre ideas in terms of economics which was one of the most important matters of the Otoman Empire.We are preparing our thesis, our method can be summarized like that, first, we had detailed literature surveillance, and then we reached the archival documents about the topic. Obtained materials have been examined, by classifying in subject title, and referances have been made to particular prepared studies on our topic. The archival documents have been translated into current Turkish and evaluated for making the thesis text more intelligible.