Reflecti̇ons of ethni̇c identi̇ti̇es in Turki̇sh novels of the Second Consti̇tuti̇onal era (1908-1918)

The Second Constitution Period is an important period that includes many changes both politically and socially. The events that occur in this period affect various disciplines. Literature is one of these disciplines. The social, political and economic problems experienced manifest themselves in the works presented by the authors. The fact that many ethnic identities lived together under the roof of the Ottoman Empire between 1908-1918 is also a remarkable element in terms of the attitude of the writers of the period. Thus, novels are also important in terms of revealing the attitude of writers about ethnic identities. The positive or negative attitudes of writers about ethnic identities can be explained in detail with the Nationalism movement that emerged with the influence of the modern age. In this study, first of all, II. Information will be given about the different ethnic identities living in the Constitutional Period and Ottoman lands. Then, aiming to explain the theories of Nationalism based on methods, the forms of representation of ethnic identities in the novels published between 1908-1918 will be tried to be presented within the framework of the aforementioned theory. Thus, II. It is aimed to develop in-depth interpretations on the extent and in what direction the rising nationalist movements in the period affected the perspectives on ethnic identities through the novel figures representing different ethnic identities in the works of the Constitutional Period writers.