Two speed and one i̇nsti̇tuti̇on; from Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye and in Turkey's 1960's for Land Forces to process to get soldier and employee rights

It is generally accepted that the Turkish Army completed its systematic foundation with the Mete Kağan and took its place in history with a well-established army tradition. The army has preserved and continued its existence during the different eras of the state. Our army continues to be, as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk states, the representation of the Turkish unity, power, capability and patriotism. The reason of Turks' founding states throughout history is the disciplined army. As the army has such an important role in the Turkish states, it might be the reason why the governors and bureaucrats attempted to carry out reforms in the army when a weakness occurred in the state. Reforms in the military field in order to return the Ottoman Empire to its glorious days prove this idea. The reforms in the Ottoman Empire were related to military at first, then were expanded to other fields. But they were not successful because of the shallow reform attempts, the tendency to reserve the old tradition, resistance to the new, lack of social support, the unstable environment, geographical problems and the rulers' incapability to perpetuate the process. The Ottoman sultans Selim III and Mahmut II have an important effect on laying the foundations of the modern Turkish army. Rescripts and regulations were implemented for Nizam-ı Cedit and Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye which represent the army during the two sultans' reigns. Later, similar legislative regulations continued to exist with laws, rules, regulations, notices, cahiers, journals and field manuals. This study deals with the modern army during the reigns of Selim III and Mahmut II, the Tanzimat Era, the Meşrutiyet Era and the Turkish Republic. The study begins with the most significant period of modernization, of Selim II and Nizam-ı Cedit, and ends with the year 1960 when a political breaking point was experienced in the history of the Turkish Republic.