The investigation of protective effects of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b against two heterocyclic amines genotoxicity in Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test

In this study the protective effects of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (0.5 and 1 µM) against the heterocyclic amine (HCA) compounds IQ and MeIQx (1, 2 and 5 ppm) with somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster are investigated. Chronic applications are performed to transheterozygous larvae with respect to two recessive genes, mwh (multiple wing hair) and flr3 (flare) by using Drosophila strains which possess both normal and high metabolic activation. The genotoxic effects of HCAs are primarily determined for third instars larvae. In antigenotoxicity studies two different application groups are constituted. While for the first group doses of chlorophyll a, b and HCAs are given to the third instars larvae simultaneously, for the second group doses of HCA are applied at the third instars after doses of chlorophyll a and b are given to at the second instars larvae.Chlorophyll a and b become effective in reducing genotoxic effects of HCAs by both applications on individuals that have normal metabolic activation. However, it is observed that the pretreatment style is much more effective than simultaneous one. There have been no differences for chlorophyll a and b in efficacy. Genotoxic effects for each three IQ doses have not been observed for individuals with high metabolic activation. For the low doses of MeIQx, the genotoxic effects have not been obtained, on the other hand 5 ppm high dose has shown a weak positive effect. Since both for each three doses of IQ and two doses of MeIQx have indicated no distinct genotoxic effects, the protective effects of chlorophyll a and b on the individuals which have high metabolic activation have not been evaluated in the content of this thesis. In the simultaneous applications of MeIQx 5 ppm dose, 1 µM chlorophyll a dose has led to an increase in frequency. However, this increase is not important in statistical sense. For other doses of chlorophyll a and all doses of chlorophyll b antigenotoxic effects are detected. For the pretreatment application groups genotoxic effects are explicitly decreasing for all doses of chlorophyll a and b, and it is more effective than simultaneous applications.