The Analysis of the dynamics of fluid intake and urination in elementary school children

The Analysis of The Dynamics of Fluid Intake and Urination in Elementary School Children Dr. Nur Çabuk Urinary tracy infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections during childhood. It's known that, individual, environmental and microbiological factors affect the risk of UTI. Low fluid intake leading to decreased urinary flow rate, and stasis of urine in the urinary bladder increase the risk of UTI. In this study, we analyzed some factors which could affect fluid intake and urination. In addition, we also analyzed how these factors were determined by socioeconomical variables. 1024 students (M/F:51 6/508) from 17 different primary schools were enrolled in this study in May 1997. A questionnaire about daily activities affecting fluid intake and urination was given to each student. Bodyweights and heights of the students were measured by using mobile weighing machine and ruler. Anthropometric evaluation were done according to Waterlow classification. After / that, a collecting cup for urine samples was given to each child. Urine samples were examined with dipstick and by light microscope. Pyuria, bacteriuria and "pyuria plus bacteriuria" were determined in %20.6, %7.8 and %6.2 of the children respectively. Socioeconomical status of the student inversely affects the rate of pyuria (p<0.05), but no relation was observed between bacteriuria and socioeconomical status of the children (p>0.05). As the socioeconomical status lowers, daily intake of water increases significantly (r=-0.155, p<0.001). There was a significant difference between daily intake of water less or more than a glass with respect to pyuria and bacteriuria (p<0.05). When daily intake of water was less than a glass the rate of pyuria and bacteriuria were %32.1 and %15.1 respectively. On the other hand, when daily intake of water was five glasses were, rate of pyuria and bacteriuria were %17.5 and %6.6 respectively. The difference was significant (p<0.05). As the number of students per washbasin increases, the frequency of daily water intake decreasesin the school (p<0.05). The number of students per vvashbasin should not be more than 100 for the children to drink enough vvater (p<0.05). As the socioeconomical status lovvers, the frequency of urination increases in the school (r=-0.117, p<0.05). The rate of frequent urination (önce in every tvvo breaks ör more frequently) is higher in boys (%28.7) than in giriş (%16.3) (p<0.001). The rate of pyuria was significantly related to the frequency of urination and holding urine till the last minute in the school (p<0.001). VVhile the rate of UTI in children voiding regularly was %15.2, it was %22.2 in children who hold urine and voiding less frequent than 3 breaktime intervals. The frequency of urination decreases significantly as the distance betvveen toilet and classroom increases and the toilet is located another floor ör in the playground (r=0.144, p<0.001). The type of toilets (Turkish ör European styles), the presence of toilet paper and soap do not affect the frequency of toilet visits among the students in the school (p>0.05). The rate of vvearing tight clothes betvveen giriş and boys was different significantly, %61 of giriş and %17.1 of boys wear tight clothes (p<0.001). As the rate of vvearing tight clothes increases, "the previous history of dysuria", the rate of pyuria, bacteriuria and "pyuria plus bacteriuria'1 increase significantly (p<0.001). The rate of vviping of perineum in giriş was %57.3 and no significant difference vvas observed between the rate of vviping and the socioeconomical status (p>0.05). Additionally, no significant difference vvas observed betvveen the way of vviping and pyuria and bacteriuria (p>0.05). As the socioeconomical status lowers, "the number of student per cabin per unit time of breaktime and the number of students using the same toilef increases (r=-0.278, p<0.001). The number of students per cabin", "the number of students per meter square (m2) of toilet" and "the number of students per unit time of breaktime interval" do not affect the frequency of urination of the students in the school (p>0.05). Additionally these parameters do not affect the rate of pyuria and bacteriuria in students (p>0.05).SUMMARY The Analysis of The Dynamics of Fluid Intake and Urination in Elementary School Children Dr. Nur Çabuk Urinary tracy infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections during childhood. It's known that, individual, environmental and microbiological factors affect the risk of UTI. Low fluid intake leading to decreased urinary flow rate, and stasis of urine in the urinary bladder increase the risk of UTI. In this study, we analyzed some factors which could affect fluid intake and urination. In addition, we also analyzed how these factors were determined by socioeconomical variables. 1024 students (M/F:51 6/508) from 17 different primary schools were enrolled in this study in May 1997. A questionnaire about daily activities affecting fluid intake and urination was given to each student. Bodyweights and heights of the students were measured by using mobile weighing machine and ruler. Anthropometric evaluation were done according to Waterlow classification. After / that, a collecting cup for urine samples was given to each child. Urine samples were examined with dipstick and by light microscope. Pyuria, bacteriuria and "pyuria plus bacteriuria" were determined in %20.6, %7.8 and %6.2 of the children respectively. Socioeconomical status of the student inversely affects the rate of pyuria (p<0.05), but no relation was observed between bacteriuria and socioeconomical status of the children (p>0.05). As the socioeconomical status lowers, daily intake of water increases significantly (r=-0.155, p<0.001). There was a significant difference between daily intake of water less or more than a glass with respect to pyuria and bacteriuria (p<0.05). When daily intake of water was less than a glass the rate of pyuria and bacteriuria were %32.1 and %15.1 respectively. On the other hand, when daily intake of water was five glasses were, rate of pyuria and bacteriuria were %17.5 and %6.6 respectively. The difference was significant (p<0.05). As the number of students per washbasin increases, the frequency of daily water intake decreases