Investigation of primary school students' lonely levels and friendship qualities in terms of various variables

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between loneliness levels and friendship qualities of primary school 4th grade students in terms of various variables. In the study, loneliness levels and friendship quality scores differed according to socio-demographic variables (gender, academic achievement, education level of parents, occupation of parents, chronic illness of parents, coexistence of parents, number of siblings and income level). and the effectiveness of the sub-dimensions of friendship qualities in predicting the level of loneliness will be examined. The research is a descriptive study in the relational survey model, which aims to determine the relationship between the loneliness levels and friendship qualities of primary school 4th grade students in terms of various variables. The universe of the research consists of 4th grade students studying in primary schools in Adana in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample consists of 889 volunteer students selected by simple random sampling method among the 4th grade students studying in primary schools in Adana central districts (Yuregir, Seyhan, Sarıçam, Çukurova) and Karataş district during the year the research was conducted. In the research, "Personal Information Form" developed by the researcher to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of primary school 4th grade students, "School-Based Loneliness Scale for Children" adapted into Turkish by Kaya (2005) to determine the loneliness levels, and Öztürk (2016) adapted into Turkish by the "Friendship Quality Scale" was used. The obtained data were analyzed by entering the SPSS-22 program. The level of loneliness and friendship quality, which are the two dependent variables of the primary school 4th grade students, were determined by gender, parental relationship status, parental education level, parental occupation, parental chronic illness, number of siblings, income level and academic achievement. One-way MANOVA was preferred to determine whether it differs according to its independent variables. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the loneliness levels of primary school 4th grade students and their perceptions of friendship qualities, and Multiple Linear Regression analysis was conducted to determine whether students' perceptions of friendship qualities predict their loneliness levels. As a result of the study, it was concluded that primary school 4th grade students experienced a low level of loneliness, the quality of friendship perceived more friendship quality in the dimension of trust, and the quality of friendship predicted the level of loneliness. In the study, it was observed that the loneliness levels of the 4th grade primary school students did not differ according to gender, father's education level, father's chronic disease, and the number of siblings. However, it was determined that the levels of loneliness differed according to the education level of the mother, the occupation of the mother, the occupation of the father, the union of the parents, the chronic illness of the mother, the income level, and academic success. The students whose mothers were illiterate compared to the other students whose mothers had a different education level; According to the students whose mothers are housewives and whose mothers are civil servants; The students whose fathers are self-employed compared to those whose fathers are civil servants; Compared to the students whose parents are separated, those whose parents are together; students whose mothers had a chronic disease compared to those whose mothers did not have a chronic disease; Compared to students with 2 siblings, other students with different number of siblings; students with low family income compared to students with high income levels; It was concluded that those with medium academic achievement had a significantly higher level of loneliness than those with good academic achievement. In the study, it was observed that the quality of friendship of primary school 4th grade students did not differ according to gender, parental association, mother's chronic disease, father's chronic disease. Compared to other students whose mothers are university graduates, the mother's education level is different; According to the students whose mothers are civil servants and whose mothers are housewives; Compared to other students whose fathers are university graduates, students whose fathers are civil servants compared to other students whose fathers are different; Compared to students with 2 siblings, other students with different number of siblings; Compared to students with good family income, students with other income levels; It was concluded that the students with good academic achievement had higher friendship quality total scores and differed significantly compared to those with medium academic achievement.