Measuring the incidence of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes hospitalized in imam khomeini educati̇inal center of urmia

Introduction: According to the studies on diabetes and the resulting oral complications, diabetic people are always more involved in cardiovascular, renal, neurological, eye, and especially oral problems. Vascular problems, oxidative conditions, reduction, and imbalance in the immune system provide the conditions for the growth of Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and all kinds of fungi, especially Candida albicans, in the mouth and gums. This study was designed and implemented to measure the incidence of periodontal disease in diabetic patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted at Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital in Urmia (Iran), patients admitted to the endocrinology department with the glycemic disorder and diabetes were included. The patient's demographic information, including age, gender, disease duration, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, was recorded. In order to check the periodontal condition, the oral symptoms of the patients, including dry mouth, unpleasant taste in the mouth, bad breath, loose teeth, swollen gums, sensitive teeth, bleeding from the gums, burning mouth and tongue, burning in the gums were evaluated and recorded. Also, oral and dental hygiene compliance was evaluated by using a toothbrush, toothpick, dental floss, and mouthwash. Results: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 400 patients with diabetes were included at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia (Iran). Two hundred fourteen patients (%53.5) were male, and 186 (%46.5) were female. The average age of the patients was 51.49 ± 5.73 years. The minimum age of the patients was 37 years, and the maximum was 61 years. The frequency of periodontitis in the studied patients was %88.25. Regarding oral symptoms, the most common symptom was dry mouth, with a frequency of %57.75, followed by an unpleasant taste in the mouth, with a frequency of %22.25. The rarest symptom was a burning sensation in the gums, with a frequency of %11.25. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the incidence of periodontal diseases in patients with diabetes in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia city is %88.25. In patients with diabetes, there is a direct and significant relationship between glycemic control and the severity of the periodontal disease.