Immunological study to some parameters in patients with covid-19 on liver functions

A virus is a small parasite that cannot undergo self-reproduction and once it infects a susceptible cell, the virus can direct the cell machinery to produce more viruses. The coronaviruses have been recently classified as a separate virus genus on the basis of several fundamental characteristics, which include their nucleic acid type, the presence of a lipid envelope, and, in particular and their distinctive morphology. Hyper-inflammatory responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) are a major cause of disease severity and death. Predictive prognosis biomarkers to guide therapeutics are critically lacking. Several studies have indicated a "cytokine storm" with the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and other inflammatory mediators. Here, we proposed to assess the relationship between some of immunological parameters and liver function for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was designed to be a case-control study conducted in the Al-Karkh General Hospital, and in the period from - August to October - 2023 .50 patients with Covid -19. In addition to fifty volunteers from the control group Venous blood samples were collected and determine the biochemical measurements serum level of ALT, AST, ALP, D. Dimer , Ferritin , LDH, CRP, CTLA-4 ,IL-6 TIM-3, and TNF-α. The results showed that the percentage of infected males is higher than females and the age group (40-50 years) is the highest percentage of infected patients. Also, the results levels of CTLA-4, IL-6, TIM-3, and TNF-α there were a highly significant differences (p<0.0001) in patients groups when comparing with control group while the liver function shows the presence of a significant increase in ALT concentration in patients with coronavirus compared with control group (p=0.003) and there were no statistically significant differences in AST and ALP when comparing control. From these results, a correlation was revealed TNF-Alpha level showed a significant positive relation with ALT, AST, and ALP, while ALP a significant positive relation with ALT, and AST, also, a significant positive relation ALT with AST, also a significant positive relation LDH with Ferritin, and d.dimer. The AUC values together with the other parameters, the ROC curve demonstrated that the (IL-6, TNF-Alpha, CTLA-4 and TIM-3) levels have exhibited an excellent method for discriminating between control and patients with COVID-19. It can be concluded that biochemical parameters involved in the current work may have a vital role and predictive significance in complex disorders that lead to Coronavirus.