Characterization of reduced graphene oxide synthesis

The chemical reduction method is the most cost-effective technique for synthesizing graphene, and it may be used in large-scale operations. Studies with a high reduction efficiency and no harmful consequences are of interest in the chemical reduction approach. Reduced sugars derived from cost-effective and ecologically friendly substances without harmful effects were favored in this study. Its goal is to assess how well-reduced carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, and galactose perform in the production of reduced graphene oxide. The L9(34) experimental design model, which has four parameters and three levels, was used in the Taguchi method to optimize the quality criterion. The parameters that were chosen were temperature (80-150-250°C), reduced sugar (glucose-fructose-galactose), basic medium (sodium hydroxide-potassium hydroxide-ammonia), and pH (3-7-9). Surface area measurement (YA) with BET, crystal size (KB) with XRD, atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen (C/O) with SEM+EDS, D/G peak ratio with RAMAN, zeta potential (ZP) with ZETA-SIZER, particle size distribution analysis (PB), and structure characterization with FTIR were selected for characterization and optimization. For each quality criterion, the optimal points and levels of the parameters were identified using the numerical findings. The graphene oxide sample's best findings from the L934 experiment design were used to compute the improvement rates for each quality criterion. The recovery rates found were as follows: 314.7% for C/O, 45.71% for ZP, 67.26% for PB, 121.1% for YA, -6.6% for D/G, and 54.4% for KB. Utilizing reduced sugars rather than chemicals that harm the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide may be an alternative, according to optimization results and recovery rates.