Investigation the effects of nicotine and resveratrol on Sox2 and Sox4 genes expression levels in human amniotic cell culture by real time PCR

Although there are various evidence relating to the smoking during gestation harms to development and growth of fetus, one-third of women smoke during pregnancy. Nicotine in cigarette is one of the most important toxic components. For this reason, in our study we aimed to show the effects of nicotine in human amniotic cell cultures upon the expression levels of Sox2 and Sox4 genes. In addition, we aimed to show the effect of resveratrol, kind of an antioxidant, upon the expression levels of genes we examined on nicotine treated human amniotic cell cultures to emphasize importance of antioxidant against toxic components. The twenty patients included to our study and the third group was created for each patients. The groups respectively are called control cell culture group, nicotine treated cell culture group and resveratrol + nicotine treated cell culture group. The levels of expression Sox2 and Sox4 genes were examined by real time RT-PCR method for each group. The Sox and Sox4 genes showed changes in expression levels and were statistically significance according to our results. (p=0,005 for Sox2- p=0,000 for Sox4). A statistically significant difference was found between nicotine group and resveratrol + nicotine group were compared. (p=0,036 for Sox2- p=0,026 for Sox4) As a result, we founded that nicotine changes the expression levels of Sox2 and Sox4 genes and examined that resveratrol is an important antioxidant to reduce expression levels of Sox2 and Sox4 genes increased by treatment of nicotine.