Investigation of the genotoxic effects of reduction and sinergist effective substances in different ratio in insectices formulations

The rapid growth of the world population has led to an increase in demand for universal food products, which in turn has led to a significant increase in the use of pesticides as this demand must be met. While the use of pesticides is increasing day by day in order to obtain a sufficient level of product, it is inevitable that people and other living beings are exposed to the pesticides of the people they live in. Exposure is a threat to the health of people and other living things. It is of great importance to carry out investigations in order to determine the size of this threat. The most important damage that the use of pesticides can give to living organisms is, of course, damage to genetic material DNA. A wide variety of model organisms are used in the detection of damages that can occur in genetic material, but Drosophila melanogaster is the most common model organism in that it is a eukaryotic model organism and that studies can be carried out in vivo. Therefore, in this thesis study, we investigated the relationship between the genetic structure and the metabolic activity of individuals with normal and high metabolic activity, using the in vivo somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in D. melanogaster, an eukaryotic model organism similar to humans Tetramethrin (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 ppm) and S-bioallethrin (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 50 ppm) with insecticide group type I lowering effect on the 72 ± 4 hour transheterozygous larvae PBO + S-bioallethrin (25 ppm PBO + 0.5, 1 and 5 ppm S-bioallethrin) and PBO + Tetramethrin (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 ppm) alone and Piperonyl butoxide 25 ppm PBO + 3.125, 6.25 and 12.50 ppm Tetramethrin) were investigated to determine the extent of the genetic damage they could produce. In our study, it was aimed to determine whether the genetic influences were caused by the chemical or the degradation products by using D.melanogaster individuals with normal and high metabolic activity. The Drosophila smart method is based on the deletion of the wing image disk cells, genetic mutations due to point mutation and recombination, and the fact that these changes can be observed as phenotypic mutant trichomes. As a result of the genetic changes caused by Drosophila larvae in the wing image of the pesticides used in our study, the results were evaluated by detecting the mutant trichomes reflected in the phenotype. As a result of this study; In the individuals with normal metabolic activity, the clone frequencies of all doses of Tetramethrin, S-bioallethrin and PBO alone were found to be not statistically significant compared to the control group. Although 25 ppm PBO + 6.25 ppm and 25 ppm + 12.50 ppm Tetramethrin dose were higher than the control group, the total clone number was decreased in the doses of co-administration on the other hand. However, these differences are not statistically significant. In individual patients with high metabolic activity, clones frequencies of all doses of S-bioallethrin and Tetramethrin were found to be relatively higher than the control group, but it was not statistically different from the control group. PBO alone reduced the clone frequency at 50 and 100 ppm at the doses administered alone, but at 1, 5 and 25 ppm, it was seen that there was an increase in the frequency of the clones compared to the control group, but not statistically. In combination with a high metabolic activity, 25 ppm PBO + 6.25 ppm and 25 ppm PBO + 12.50 ppm Tetramethrin in combination with a statistically insignificant increase in total number of clones showed a decrease in clone frequency. It was determined that the changes in clone frequencies were not statistically significant in all the applications made to individuals with normal and high metabolic activity. KEYWORDS: Drosophila, Genotoxicity, Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), S-Bioallethrin, SMART, Tetramethrin.