Investigation of hydroxymethyl furfural production from cellulose in the presence of deep eutectic solvents using microwave reactor

In this study, investigation of the production of hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) production from cellulose(Sunflower Stalk) in the presence deep eutectic solvents which may be used as solvent or catalyst in a microwave reactor and conventional batch reactor was studied. In this study, DES are formed between choline chloride and diethylethanol ammonium chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) adipic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid and oxalic acid. In the first step of experimental study, deep eutectic solvents were formed by mixing of different composition of HBA and HBD's. The freezing points of these mixtures were measured and then eutectic points were determined. The physical properties such as density, viscosity, pH, refractive index and electrical conductivity of the mixtures of known eutectic points were measured at room temperature. Eutectic solvents were used for both catalysts and solvents in the production of hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) from cellulose. The reactions were carried out in two diffrent types of reactor as a microwave reactor and conventional heated reactor. In experimental studies, temperature and time parameters were also investigated and the highest HMF conversion conditions were determined.