Study the phenotyping and genotyping of antibiotic resistance of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) of E.coli isolated from urine samples in al-anbar province/Iraq.

The present study was designed to determine the occurrence frequency of (blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA) genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli, and their antibiotic resistance patterns among the Hospitals of Al-Anbar province/Iraq. Out of the 65 uropathogenic E.coli isolates analyzed, 52 isolates were identified to be ESBL producers by using combination disc test and VITEK system. The frequency of beta-lactamase (bla) genes (TEM, CTX-M and OXA) among E. coli was genetically determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique. Out of 29 (55.76%) ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli, 29 (100%) were positive for blaTEM, 29 (100%) were positive for blaCTX-M while recorded 29/29 (0%) negative result of blaOXA gene. And well 29 (100%) harbored both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. TEM and CTX-M genes were the most prevalent gene. In this study Isolates were resistance (91%) toward Ticarcillin, (91%) to Piperacillin, (91%) to Ceftazidime, (91%) to Cefepime, and (12.13%) to Imipenem. While the isolated E. coli showed susceptibility to Piperacillin/ tazobactam (69.69%). This study demonstrated the occurrence frequency of CTX-M and TEM genes in uropathogenic E. coli strains in Al-Anbar province/Iraq. while blaOXA gene first time studied in Iraq with (0%) negative result. Even though molecular techniques are more reliable in the detection of ESBL production, routine clinical screening for ESBL-producing uropathogens using phenotypic method should be introduced and encouraged in clinical settings as they are less expensive.