Emergence and institutionalization of sociology in the context of Iran modernization

In the present study, the development of social scientific thought and sociology emerged in the context of modernization in the historical process from the Constitutional Period to the Islamic Revolution in Iran are discussed. In Iran, social scientific thinking developed on the one hand with the policies of modernization, on the other hand the main subjects of sociology were modernization. For this reason, modernization, the central position in the development of social scientific thought, Constitutional Monarchy Period, I. Pahlavi and II. The trends and models of modernization were tried to be determined in Pahlavi periods. The process of modernization with causal analytical historical sociological method is examined periodically and social scientific thinking is discussed through the typologies of modernization. The fact that each type bears the nucleus of the next one in itself has facilitated the process of modernization and the process of sociological thought that corresponds to this process in a causal relationship. Progress in the Constitutional Monarchy period and the doubt, Westernization and state-nationalization in the period of Pahlavi I and II. The Pahlavi period was studied from the typologies of modernism. In this study, in parallel with these typologies of modernization, the attitudes of intellectuals towards modernization, trends and schools emerged in the field of social scientific thought were tried to be determined. In this context, the establishment of modern educational institutions, the attitudes of intellectuals towards modernization policies, demands for social change, backwardness, localization, and the effect of prominent discourses such as orientalism on the development of social scientific thought and sociology were discussed and the conditions of institutionalization of sociology were discussed. In the light of the fact that sociology entered the country mostly through the students studying abroad, information was given about the history of Iranian education and the actors who went abroad as students. Keywords: Modernization, Sociology, Westernization, Nation-state, Reverse Orientalism, Local Sociology.