The Kaḥṭāns from pre-İslamic to the end of the Umayyads

The mentality of tribalism, which has a vital position in pre-Islamic and post-Islamic Arab societies, has existed in every moment of history. Based on the importance of determining the reflections of this mentality of tribalism among the Arabs on the government and social life, we turned to such a research. In our research, the sources of the first period of Islamic history were read and the academic studies written in the modern age were examined. The Ḳaḥṭān and ʿAdnān tribes, which have a very old history among the Arabs, have always opposed each other from the first moment they met. Both tribes fought each other for dominance and government over the other. After her prophethood, the Prophet removed the opposition based on the past between these two tribes in order to establish peace and tranquility in the society. Both tribesmen ended their opposition in this process and lived in peace. However, after the death of the Prophet, the tribal conflicts that re-emerged with the ridde incidents resurfaced during the reign of Osman. With the coming to government of the Umayyads, these disagreements intensified. The caliph, who came to government, appointed the members of the tribe, whom he felt close to, to important duties and gave them authority. In this case, other tribes fell into opposition and resorted to various ways, especially rebellions, to gain power. These rebellions and opposition by the tribes left the central government in a difficult situation, and unrest broke out in the regions where the rebellions took place. As a result, these inter-tribal conflicts weakened the Umayyad state and caused its destruction.