The investigation of education buildings in Izmir in thePre-Republican and republican period

Historical fabric and buildings are influenced by the political, commercial, economic, social and artistic fields of the period of construction. İzmir has been home to many civilizations since its first settlement dating back to 8-9 thousand years. After Tepekule from Yaşilova, settled on the skirts of Kadifekale in B.C. 334, the city became under Ottoman domination in the 15th century and started to rise with the acceleration of trade in the 17th century. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many nations lived prosperously in the city, made a trade and built structures. After the 20th century, the political change in the country affected many areas, changed the social structure and brought new ideologies. All these developments have resulted in the emergence of different types of structures in each period. Educational structures have also been affected by these developments. In this research, the selected educational buildings compared in terms of periodic and architectural aspects of how social, political, commercial, economic and artistic changes affected the architecture. The fact that education was based on religion in many nations before the 20th century led to the construction of educational buildings in the vicinity of churches, mosques and synagogues. During this period, Baroque and Rococo, Neo-Classical, Neo-Gothic and Art Nouveau movements were observed in the formation and decoration of the buildings. The proclamation of the Republic, the change of the social structure of the city and the nationalism movement were the major factors of the change in the shaping of the structures. In addition to such changes affecting each other, the understanding of education has also changed from the Ottomans to the present, causing changes in the needs to serve the purpose of education. This affected the shape and capacity of the buildings.