Determination of qibla direction of historical mosquesin Izmir center and districts

In this thesis study, the direction of Qibla of 21 mosques built between 14-18 centuries in the center and districts of İzmir province were measured by using the GNSS technique. Qibla determination of mosques whose direction of the Qibla was measured was made using geodetic calculations. Qibla directions measured and calculated (should be) directions are compared. As a result of the comparison, differences were found between -22 and + 39 degrees. It has been determined that these differences remain within the error limit of 45 degree to the right and left from the direction of the Kaaba, which determines the direction of the Qibla of Muslims.