The effects of the Johnson Letter on Turkish foreign policy

The Republic of Turkey, which was established as a Western, contemporary and modern state, has shown a pro-Western attitude in its foreign policy since the day it was founded and has become closer to the USA and Western States. Turkey, which preferred the Western bloc after the Second World War, adopted a fully pro-American attitude, especially in the 1950s. However, this situation started to change after the Johnson Letter sent to İnönü due to the Cyprus Problem. After the Johnson Letter in Turkey, trust in the USA was shaken and the unconditional pro-US attitude in foreign policy was abandoned, and Turkey began to seek new allies for itself. After the 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation, Turkey, which was exposed to the US arms embargo, has now tried to change its pro-American image. Since 1965, it has redefined its relations with both the Middle East Arab countries and the Soviets. Turkey has started to follow a more pro-Arab policy in the Arab-Israeli conflict. This study, after revealing Turkey-US relations until the Johnson Letter, aims to reveal the changing policies of Turkey in Turkey-US relations and other international problems with the Johnson Letter.