Investigation of the effects of cafeteria diet and SCD probiotics supplementation on rat liver glutathione system enzymes and metabolites

Weight gain is an important condition spreading rapidly in the world and includes the primary pathologies of many diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer.In addition, weight gain includes the primary phenomena of obesity, and illumination of these phenomena at the metabolic level is of great importance.Probiotics are the most common form of treatment prescribed for the health of the gastrointestinal tract and their beneficial effects, such as boosting the immune system, are attributed to the secondary metabolites they contain or produce.Malnutrition is one of the most important causes of weight gain.The diet that includes processed, fried, and fast foods consumed today is among the biggest causes of weight gain and obesity.The type of diet known as the cafeteria diet (CAF) is a good model of the western diet culture, which causes rapid weight gain and obesity in experimental animals. Obesity is associated with antioxidants through several diseases, including cancer. Therefore, it is important to clarify the effects of the cafeteria diet on metabolism. Antioxidants regulate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ensure a healthy redox balance in the cell. The glutathione cycle is under the influence of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and Glutathione S-transferase antioxidant enzymes, and the metabolites reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The health of this cycle is essential for the regulation of the redox balance in a cell. These two metabolites are constantly converted into each other by the activity of enzymes. Thanks to the redox balance established by this way, signal transduction mechanisms progress correctly and thus cell health is protected against oxidation-induced diseases. Glutathione S-transferase enzyme is one of the important enzymes that directly affects the glutathione cycle using the GSH to remove the xenobiotics and radical regulation. In this study, a group of Wistar rats were fed with normal rodent diet and cafeteria diet. The other group was fed with cafeteria diet and SCD Probiotics supplement. One of the groups was fed normal rodent diet and SCD Probioticssuplement. In conclusion, how the glutathione system enzymes and metabolites were regulated at the mRNA level by qPCR and at the protein level by kinetic enzyme activity measurements were investigated.As a result, it was determined that cafeteria diet has significant negative effects on glutathione metabolism at both gene level and protein level, but these effects can be reversed at acceptable rates with SCD Probiotics supplementation