Investigation of biological, technical and economic aspects of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hatcheries in Kahramanmaraş

Investigation of Biological, Technical and Economic Aspects of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Hatcheries in Kahramanmaraş In this study, it was aimed to investigation of the biological, technical and economic aspects of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hatcheries in Kahramanmaraş. The most important objective of the fish hatchery, the highest rate and quality of eggs and fry fish from brood stock to produce at the lowest cost. This situation can be achieved by the determination of the structural problems of the fish hatchery and analysis, brood stock fish management, to be familiar with basic issues such as the fish hatcheries and fry management, technological and scientific applications. Interviews with the fish producers, made observations in the field and results in the literature has been revealed the need to investigate in detail the biological, technical and economic aspects of rainbow trout hatcheries in Kahramanmaraş. The study has a first of its kind in this respect. Kahramanmaraş province has an important place and the potential for the culture of rainbow trout. There are total 10 hatcheries for rainbow trout that found in Kahramanmaraş. The period specified in the research calendar has been gone to all of these hatcheries. The raw data of the survey work to be done face to face with the authorized persons and employees in the company has been obtained in real time. According to the results, it was determined that the rainbow trout hatcheries actively working in Kahramanmaraş are four small (˂2 million fry fish/year), five medium (2-10 million fry fish/year) and one large (>10 million fry fish/year) capacity. The management structure of these companies is 60% person-family business and 40% company-partnership. The average share of person-family enterprises within the total capacity is 22.21% (2,475,000 fry fish/year). The average share of company-partnership enterprises in the total capacity is determined as 77.79% (13,000,000 fry fish/year). In Kahramanmaraş province, the average project capacity for 2014 year is 5,849,000 fry fish/year and the average production capacity is 3,766,000 fry fish/year. When the enterprises are examined according to the capacity usage rates, it is seen that the lowest usage rate is in the large-scale enterprises (60%) and the highest rate is in the medium-sized (96.88%) enterprises (p<0.05). In Kahramanmaraş province, it is determined that the average capacity usage rate is 73.98%. Statistically, the small (64.50%) and medium capacity (63.99%) enterprises have higher efficiency (p˂0.05) than the large capacity enterprises (55.65%). A total of 89 people work in these enterprises. While the vast majority (94.38%) of these personnel are males, the proportion of females is only 5.62%. When the professional qualities of these personnel are examined, it is composed of 6.74% engineers, 76.40% workers and 16.86% family members. The age distribution of these personnel varies between 17-75 years old. The highest proportion of the personnel working in the enterprises is composed of those between the ages of 20-29 with 44.94%. The lowest age rate (10.11%) is composed of 19 years old or younger. The proportion of those 50 ages year and older is 12.36%, and it is generally seen that the age group is the owner and family member of the enterprise. According to the capacities, the average labor force in small, medium and large scale companies is as follows; 3.31, 5.90 and 21.75 man-years. In the province, the average workforce per company is 6.45 man-years. The 25% of small-scale companies produce out-of-season egg. This ratio is 80% for medium-sized companies and 100% for large companies. In the province, the average rate is 60%. It has been determined that 30% of these hatcheries do not have any disease in produced fry fish and that they do not use any chemicals that prevent them. The 50% of the eggs and fry fish produced by these companies are sold wholesale or retail, 30% are consumed in their restaurants and 20% are used in the hatcheries. In the market, all of the businesses stated that the price was not enough, the biggest share among the factors affecting the marketing was the price and distance, and the transportation standards also affected the marketing. The total active capital value per business is calculated as 1,607,520,00 ₺ /enterprise. The most important share in the active capital is fish funds (47.82%). This was followed by the building-pool capital (23.21%), instrument-machine capital (10.36%), land capital (6.47%), money capital (4.42%), brood fish capital (4.06%), land reclamation capital (2.55%) and material expense capital (0.49%). While 97.26% of the passive capital is composed of the equity capital, the ratio of the debts is as low as 2.74%. The average active capital is 692,825,00 ₺ in the small-scale enterprises, 1,115,720,00 ₺ in the medium-scale enterprises and 4,864,000,00 ₺ in the large-scale enterprises. Gross product value; 153,813,00 ₺ in the small enterprises, 724,500,00 ₺ in the medium-sized enterprises and 3,450,000,00 ₺ in the large enterprises. The ratio of gross product value to the active capital is calculated as 0.22, 0.63 and 0.71 for the small, medium and large enterprises respectively. This rate was determined as 0.48 in the province of Kahramanmaraş. In the business groups, the gross product value provided for 100.00 ₺ of the active capital varies between a minimum of 22.00 ₺ and a maximum of 71.00 ₺. Net product value was found as 16,126,00 ₺, 284,176,00 ₺ and 264,205,00 ₺ in the small, medium and large enterprises respectively. The general average of these enterprises is calculated as 679,015,00 ₺. The fact that the value of the gross product is greater than the operating costs indicates that the net gain is positive. However, the medium-sized enterprises have the highest profitability rate (24.58%) followed by the large (5.43%) and small (2.33%) sized enterprises respectively (p<0.05). The average profitability rate in Kahramanmaraş province was calculated as 10.88%. According to these results, it can be said that the most profitable enterprise producing fry rainbow trout in Kahramanmaraş province are the medium-sized enterprises. Differences in the structural, biological and technical characteristics of the existing enterprises directly affect their capacity usage rate and production efficiency. Key Words: Kahramanmaraş, Rainbow Trout, Hatcheries, Biologic, Technic, Economic, Analysis