Investigation of goalkeepers' strength measurements and psychological performance

The present study aimed to examine the interrelationships between general strength parameters and psychological constructs such as self-confidence and courage in soccer goalkeepers. Methodologically, standardized physical performance measures (hand-claw strength, standing long jump and 30-second shuttle test) and psychometric measures assessing psychological constructs (self-confidence and courage in sport scales) were applied on a sample of 51 goalkeepers aged 14-19 years. Similarly, a positive, moderate and statistically significant correlation was found between the general strength parameters and the values obtained from the courage measurements (r=.50, p=0.001). Partial correlation analyses revealed that even when demographic and anthropometric variables (age, years of sport, height and weight) were included in the statistical model as control variables, there was no significant difference in the strength of the relationship between general strength and self-confidence and courage constructs (p>0.05). In parallel with the increase in years of licensed sports experience, statistically significant increases were observed in general strength and courage parameters. Goalkeepers with 6 or more years of licensed sport experience had significantly higher levels of general strength and courage compared to goalkeepers with 0-5 years of experience (p<0.05). In the context of age and competition category, goalkeepers aged 17-19 years and competing in the Development-Elit B league had statistically significantly higher values in general strength parameters compared to goalkeepers aged 14-16 years and competing in the amateur league category (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that goalkeepers with more official competition experience had statistically significantly higher self-confidence levels. However, there was no statistically significant difference between goalkeepers with and without a history of sportive injury in terms of general strength, courage and self-confidence parameters (p>0.05). The results of the study suggest that there is a significant correlation between the development of physiological capacities and psychological structures in goalkeepers and that training methodologies should be structured taking into account this interaction. In conclusion, this study provides an evidence-based frame of reference for the development of age, sport year and competition category-specific training protocols.