Comparison of bioactivities of calcium silicate based materials

This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity, heavy metal contents and pH values of ProRoot MTA, NeoMTA Plus and RetroMTA, which are calcium silicate-based materials. 10x2 mm discs were prepared for bioactivity tests. The materials were examined by SEM-EDX and FTIR after initial setting time and 1, 7 and 28 days after soaking in PBS. The Ca/P ratio was calculated from the atomic data obtained by SEM-EDX, and CO3/PO4 ratio from FTIR data. In pH examinations, the materials were incubated in deionized distilled water and pH measurements were made at 3 hours, 1, 7 and 28 days. In heavy metal analysis, As, Pb, Cr and Ni elements in the materials were determined by ICP-MS device. Obtained data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. In SEM-EDX analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the Ca/P ratio of the materials soaking in PBS for 1 and 28 days (p<0.001), all materials showed similar Ca/P ratios after 7 days of incubation (p=0.387). When the Ca/P ratios were analyzed over time, a statistically significant difference was observed in all materials (p<0.001). CO3/PO4 ratio of ProRoot MTA decreased with time, and a statistically significant difference was found in the 28th day measurements of the materials (p=0.014). pH values decreased over time in all materials and ProRoot MTA showed the highest pH value at all measurement times. In heavy metal analysis, As and Ni were highest in NeoMTA Plus, and lowest in RetroMTA. There was no statistical difference between the Cr values (p=0.106). Pb was highest in RetroMTA and lowest in ProRoot MTA. ProRoot MTA, NeoMTA Plus and RetroMTA materials were determined bioactive, have alkaline pH values, and the heavy metals they contain are below the toxic level. Key Words: Heavy metal, bioactivity, NeoMTA, pH, ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA