Roadmap for the implementation and use of building information modelling in the public procurement system: The case of ghana

This doctoral thesis has proposed a strategic plan to integrate BIM into Ghana's construction industry by developing a roadmap to integrate BIM into the traditional procurement system. The aim of this study is to enhance infrastructure delivery through digital transformation, addressing ongoing challenges in Ghana's procurement, including corruption, poor contract management, political interference. It reviews current procurement methods using a mixed-methods approach, identifies factors that help or hinder BIM adoption, and evaluates BIM's potential to improve project results. Comparative case studies reveal that traditional project delivery methods cause 12% budget overruns and delays due to fragmented workflows and communication problems. In contrast, projects supported by YBM achieve better coordination, 40% less rework, and notable cost savings. BIM-based project was completed 3% under budget and US$1 million was saved. 25 stakeholders highlighted the limitations of traditional bidding and the benefits of BIM, while also uncovering challenges like high costs, absence of standards, and limited technical expertise through interviews. This thesis has proposed roadmap which includes: digital audits; standardized BIM object libraries; forming a BIM Council; independent IFC processes; common data environments (CDEs); trial bids with independent reviews; reform of procurement rules; and investments in training and digital infrastructure. Live BIM Tender Evaluations introduce a key innovation by providing real-time, model-based tender evaluations and interactive defense sessions to boost transparency and stakeholder engagement. While this study offers a comprehensive framework for BIM integration, it focuses only on the tender phase and is specific to Ghana. Future research should explore YBM's role throughout the entire project lifecycle and compare it with similar economies. In summary, this thesis offers practical insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, development partners, and academic institutions by providing a context-specific roadmap for digitizing Ghana's construction sector.