Determination and evaluation of the urban heat island effect: Example of the Van city

Cities change the topography and environmental structure of the nature on which they are located. Thus, with the effect of urbanization, the region; it keeps more radiation from the sun, which changes the microclimate of the city. As a result, the concept we call "city heat island" emerges. The severity of the city heat island; It varies depending on the structural density, green area distribution, the material of the structures in the city, anthropogenic heat production and the geometrical features of the city. The city of Van; was established at east coast of Lake Van on the land a little batter. Van, that is very cosmopolitan in demographic terms, has been an intense migration since 1990. Since this process, there has been a 38 % increase in the population of the city. In addition, after the earthquake in the region eight years ago, an intense and rapid urban transformation process has started, and this has caused visible changes in the city's landscape. In this study, the city heat island formation in Van city center will be examined by satellite images and meteorological measurements. In order to detect this formation, three experimental points were determined outside the city center, in which urbanization was not experienced intensely or remained completely in the provinces. When choosing these test points, being close to the city center of Van and seeing similar climatic events are important for the reliability of the test points. Analysis for the monthly average temperature from station measurements between 1990-2019 and MODIS-MOD11C3 (monthly land surface temperature) observations between 2001-2018 will be examined. When using Van central meteorology station as the study area, the cities of Erciş, Gevaş and Ahlat were determined as experiment points. Along with the surface temperature data and station data, we will obtain from the MODIS satellite, the city heat island formation will be analyzed spatially.