Electric bus scheduling in urban transportation

To contend with global warming, one of the biggest problems in today's world, reducing carbon emissions has become mandatory. Transportation, which is an important compound economic growth and human welfare, has a large share in carbon emissions. Transportation is a potential candidate for becoming a sustainable system by reducing carbon emissions. Electric motors with zero carbon emissions can be efficiently included in public transport due to their characteristics. Therefore, electric buses are extremely influential tools to make transportation sustainable. In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the number of electric buses required to carry out the specific round in the available bus schedule if electric buses are used in urban transportation, to schedule the electric buses and to solve problems with planning charging times for electric buses. A two-stage mixed integer linear programming model has been developed to solve the problems covered. The mathematical model is designed to address decision makers' concerns about the usage of electric buses in urban transportation. Thus, it is aimed to facilitate and accelerate the transition to electric bus use in urban transportation. In the case study, if diesel bus buses are replaced by electric buses on seven routes of Bursa urban transportation, the solution to real life problems encountered during the operation planning process of public transport is presented. The sensitivity analysis of the two routes of Bursa urban transportation has shown that this study will provide comprehensive guidance in determining the charging strategies of the routes.