Cartographic and geodetic investigation of Mediterranean port cities within Kitab-i Bahriye

The historical maps, which are inherited from the past, carry important information about those periods. Therefore, these inherited maps should be moved to later periods and should be taken into consideration. Piri Reis, a well-known Turkish-Ottoman sailor, is a good researcher, a good geographer, explorer, sailor and a very good observer. Piri Reis's Kitab-i Bahriye can be seen at the beginning of the geographic works during the period in which they are. Kitab-i Bahriye, the Mediterranean coast, the islands, port cities located here; human, geographical, commercial, and management. In this thesis; The aim of this study is to investigate the cartographic and geodetic aspects of the ports on the Mediterranean coast. First of all, the port cities chosen from the Piri Reis' Kitab-i Bahriye were handled with the characteristics of that period, maps of these port cities and Cartesian coordinated world map taken from today's ArcGIS library, geodetic location accuracy with the help of transformation. In addition, map length, orthodrome length, loxodrome length and loxodrom angle between 2 of the determined points were calculated by using the map information taken from today's ArcGIS library. This computed data was analyzed using cartographic analysis. In this thesis, literature review related to the subject, geodesy and cartography sciences, and various previous studies were collected and processed. The results of these studies are examined and compared in detail. Keywords: Piri Reis, Kitab-ı Bahriye, Portalan, Mediterranean, Affine, Loxodrom