Examining the conception of causality in the context of the classical and quantum mechanics

Through the transformation of the observation of nature from a mere theoria, a contemplative engagement, to a methodical and systematic activity, the nature of our knowledge about nature has also transformed. The method of scientific activity serves as a constraint that defines the horizon of our view on nature. Our knowledge, limited by the method of the science, shapes our conception of reality, while nature is redesigned by each new physical theory. Physics has witnessed two major theoretical revolutions that have radically transformed our perception of nature and knowledge from antiquity to the present day. This thesis examines the transformation of causality in physics by tracing the path of the revolution from Aristotelian physics to quantum. The aim of this thesis is to examine how causality is incorporated into theories and to analyze the impact of the underlying conceptions of nature, knowledge, and science on the understanding of causality. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate the debates on causality in quantum physics, based on the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics and the alternative causal interpretation developed by David Bohm, by the perspective of philosophy of science. The first two chapters of the thesis examine how causality is approached in Aristotelian and classical physics, while the final chapter focuses on the discussions of causality within the context of the two interpretations of quantum mechanics. Then it attempts to explain the reasons behind preferring one interpretation over the other In the conclusion section, it is argued that the concept of causality has transformed depending on the understanding of nature and knowledge on which the theories of physics are based. In this context, it is argued that the argument whether a causal interpretation of quantum mechanics is possible can be justified not by empirical or theoretical proofs, but rather on a philosophical basis.