Frequency and characteristics of colon polyp in patients with a colonoscopy

İntroduction and purpose: Early diagnosis and treatment of polyps is important because some of the colon polyps can develop into the colon cancer over time. The aim of our study was to reveal the incidence of polyps during routine colonoscopy, the clinical features of patients with polyps, the localization of polyps, morphological and histopathological features. Material ve metod: Patients who underwent colonoscopy between January 2017 and December 2020 in the endoscopy unit of our hospital were included in the study. The demographic characteristics and laboratory results of the patients who were found to have polyps during colonoscopy, as well as the number, shape and localization of the polyps were recorded. The histological type of the polyps, the presence of dysplasia and malignancy were investigated by examining the histopathological findings of the removed polyps in detail. Conclusion: Polyps were detected in 431 (15.2%) of 2826 patients who underwent colonoscopy. Of the patients with polyps, 266 (61.7%) were male, 165 (38.2%) were female, and the mean age was 54.78±15.17 years. Polyps were significantly higher in those over the age of 50 (p<0.02). Of the patients 261 (60.5%) had polyps in the distal, 92 (21.3%) proximal, and 77 (17.8%) both proximal and distal colonic polyps. Polyp diameter was ≤ 5 mm in 277 (64%) patients, 5-10 mm in 42 (9.7%) patients, 10-15 mm in 41 (9.5%) and In 71 patients, the polyp was larger than 15 mm. 248 (57.5%) of the patients had a single polyp, 75 (17.4%) had 2 polyps, and the remaining 108 (25.1%) patients had 3 or more polyps. Of 415 patients whose histological findings could be reached, 234 (56.3%) had adenomatous polyps, 104 (25%) had hyperplastic polyps, 29 (6.9%) had inflammatory polyps, 13 (3%) had adenocarcinoma and 35 (8.4%)' different pathologies were found in. Although 196 (83.7%) of 234 patients with adenomatous polyps had low-grade dysplasia and 4 (1.7%) had high-grade dysplasia, 34 (14.5%) did not have dysplasia. Although 101 (99%) of 102 patients with hyperplastic polyps did not have dysplasia, 1 (0.9%) had high-grade dysplasia. There was a correct correlation between the presence of dysplasia and polyp diameter (p<0.000), number of polyps (p<0.001), age over 50 years (p<0.02), presence of adenomatous polyps (p<0.001) and villous histology (p<0.001). Results: Early detection and removal of colon polyps is important because of the risk of malignancy. Since the risk of malignancy increases with age, screening colonoscopy for all individuals over the age of 50 may reduce the risk of colon cancer.