Determining of the seasonal effects of different iron and zinc applications on yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) disease in winter wheat using hyperspectral data

Yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) disease is an important fungal disease that negatively affects the production quality of wheat. This study was conducted to determine the possiblity of using spectral characteristics to estimate the disease severity (%DI) of different bread and durum cultivars during different phenological periods. In addition, the effect of different iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) fertilizer application doses on disease severity changes during the season was also evaluated using hyperspectral indexes. Bread wheat (Bayraktar 2000, Demir 2000, Eser and Kenanbey) and durum wheat (Çeşit-1252, Eminbey, Kızıltan 91 and Mirzabey 2000) wheat cultivars registered in different years by the Field Crops Central Research Institute (TARM) were used as plant material of the study. The study was carried out in the 2018-2019 growing season as two different applications in Ankara TARM Yenimahalle campus research areas. The first application of the research; It is the determination of plant reactions of yellow rust with the help of spectral properties, which are applied to test materials in different doses (0%, 25%, 50%, 100%). In determining the reactions of the yellow rust disease; the end of stem rise, early stage of flowering (Feeks 10.5.1), effective sensitive band regions: for bread wheat cultivars; In the visible (visible) region, 619-767 nm for the late period (10.5.3-10.5.4), which includes grain filling and milk maturation period, in the Near Infrared (NIR) region, in the range of 820-1070 nm, and in the early period for durum cultivars. The sensitive band regions to be used in the period (10.5.1) are 586-733 nm, and in the late period (10.5.3-10.5.4) 768-951 nm The second application of the research; Different fertilizer dosage applications (Fe, Zn, Fe + Zn) are determined by using vegetation indexes calculated from hyperspectral data to determine the changes in the reactions of plants to yellow rust disease in different phenology periods. In all phenological periods, cv. Bayraktar 2000, cv. Demir 2000 susceptible, cv. Kenanbey moderate susceptible, cv. Eser determined a resistant, similarly, in all phenological periods cv. Eminbey and cv. Kızıltan 91 susceptible, cv. Mirzabey 2000 moderate susceptible, cv. Çeşit-1252 determined resistant. According to the results of the study; Using two and three band spectral indices, it was determined that two growth stages were effective in predicting the damage of yellow rust disease. It has been determined that the detection and control of the disease in the early-medium growth stage (beginning of flowering) is important for predicting the product losses in the middle-late growth stage (grain filling). Fertilizer dosage applications; When the effects on the development of yellow rust disease were evaluated, it was determined that cv. Bayraktar 2000 and cv. Eminbey caused a significant increase on both the disease severity and yield in their applications without fertilization in all phenological periods. It was concluded that fertilizer applications in cv. Bayraktar 2000 and cv. Eminbey have a decreasing effect on the control of yellow rust disease. It was determined that fertilizer applications of cv. Eser, cv. Kenanbey and cv. Demir 2000 had a negative effect on the grain yield. According to the phenological periods; Spectral band regions and indices effective in monitoring disease severity at different fertilizer application doses were in the VISIBLE + RED + NIR range for all bread cultivars, and an increase (+) was observed in disease severity values. Prominent indexes for bread types; RDVI, DVI, TVI, GNDVI, NLI, NVI, ARI, LCCI, YRI, PSRI. For all durum cultivars except cv. Mirzabey 2000, the effective band region was in the range of RED + RED EDGE + NIR, and an increase in disease severity values (+) was observed. The effective band region for cv. Mirzabey 2000 cultivar has been determined as GREEN + RED. Prominent indexes for other durum cultivars; LCCI, SIPI, PSRI, NDVI, NBNDVI, MSR, GNDVI, NLI, YRI.