Disaster management in cultural heritage areas: Case of Iznik

Cultural heritage; It covers the concrete and intangible values of the society related to its identity, culture, traditions and customs. Cultural heritages in the world and in Turkey are under different risks such as human-induced risks, natural risks and technical risks. The most impacting and damaging risks to cultural heritage are disasters. Disasters occur to the environment and society; While it creates problems such as loss of property and life, economic, psychological and sociological, it also poses great threats to cultural heritage. Disaster management is applied in order to reduce and eliminate the negative effects of these threats. The aim of the study is to examine what needs to be done within the scope of determining, evaluating and mitigating possible disaster risks for cultural heritage areas in historical environments. It is the determination of what should be done in the light of the "Law on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets" numbered 2863, by protecting the integrity, originality and sustainability values of the cultural heritage with the work of international and national institutions-organizations in Turkey in order to save the cultural heritage from disasters with the least damage and to transfer it to the future in an authentic way. Within the scope of the study, the issue of disaster management of concrete cultural heritage areas is discussed. Risk management and development in cultural heritage areas, legal regulations made in the world and in Turkey, examples of disaster risk management plans made in cultural heritage areas were examined. The literature, conventions, congresses and published papers prepared by institutions and organizations such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICORP, ICCROM, UNDRR around the world were examined, field observation studies and oral interviews were conducted. In the light of the information evaluated, the cultural heritages in Iznik were examined with the observations made in the field, the disaster histories of the heritages and the possible disaster risks in Iznik were determined in line with the studies carried out in the field, and how the cultural heritage disaster risk management would be done before, during and after the disaster in the Iznik cultural heritage area. determined. As a result, there are possible disaster risks such as earthquake, fire and flood in the Iznik cultural heritage area, and the Iznik cultural heritage area should be made resistant to possible disaster risks.