Quakers (The emergence and principles)

The unique structure of England in Continental Europe caused the effect of the reform movement in this geography to progress in a different course compared to other European states. Religious movements arising from the great religions are essentially a product of the political and social structure of the geography they are in, as well as the religious structure. In this context, England's political, economic and social structure allowed the reform movement to develop more comfortably here, and the emergence of new movements with the influence of thoughts on the importance of a direct relationship with God and the importance of individual experience by moving away from some religious dogmas. George Fox, the founder of the group called Quakers, found the purest form of the religion he was attached to after a spiritual inquiry process, in which he intensified with the influence of the family environment in which he was educated, as well as the influence of the religious environment in which the country was located, and acted with the aim of spreading his teaching to all humanity by systematizing it. Until his death, he aimed to convey the Quaker doctrine, which he believed to be the most correct form of Christian belief, in the best way. For this cause, both he and his believers have experienced many difficulties, but as a result of their efforts, the Quakers were able to obtain some rights that other religious groups did not have as a result of their struggle, especially in England. Although it is known that Quakers have members in many countries, especially in England and America, Quakers can reach their members all over the world by using technological opportunities. This study consists of six main titles. In the first title, the introduction, the importance and purpose of the research, the limits and scope of the thesis, the sources used and the method applied are explained. In addition, the history of Christianity until the emergence of the Quakers is briefly mentioned. In the second title, which constitutes the first part, the life of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers, and how the Quakers emerged and spread in the historical process are discussed. In the third title, which constitutes the second part, the principles of belief and teachings of the Quakers are expanded and transferred as sub-titles. In the fourth chapter, which constitutes the third part, the moral principles of the Quakers with their approach to the sacraments are explained. In addition, the church structure and perspectives on social life were examined in connection with the moral structure. In the fifth chapter, which constitutes the fourth part, information about the practices of the Quakers in their daily lives, birth, marriage, death rituals, holidays and celebrations, daily practices and their current situation are given. The sixth title consists of the conclusion part. In the conclusion part, the current activities of this religious group, which was born and developed in England, are evaluated with the effect of the geography and the perspective of the British people to the world. Keywords: Christianity, Protestantism, Quakers, George Fox, Society of Friends.