Comparative analysis of the parliamentary system and the Presidency government system in the contex of separation of powers

It is rumored that the theory on the Separation of Powers was first proposed by Aristoteles, a philosopher of the first age. In the modern age however, the theory on the Separation of Powers was first proposed by John Locke, a British philosopher. But the theory on the separation of powers gained its fame by the French philosopher Montesquieu. The theory on the separation of powers represents an administration model which, in order to prevent conflict between the powers that comprise the State, each power acts in accordance with the Constitution and the Laws for the subjects covered by their scope. The purpose of the separation of the powers is limiting the authorities and responsibilities of each power so that power that holds the State administration is prevented from misusing its authorities by resorting to arbitrary applications. This aims at securing basic rights and freedoms. In order that basic rights and freedoms can be materialized, the pressure of administrators over the administrated should be removed. A balance and an auditing mechanism should be created between the executive, legislative and judicial bodies in order to achieve this. The separation of powers shall ensure the free development of the citizens. The Parliamentarian government system represent a governance system that is shaped around the British State traditions. Within the parliamentarian government system, the executive body emanates from inside the legislative body and is again responsible against the legislative body. The parliamentarian government system is based on a soft separation of powers. On the other hand, the Presidential Government System represents a governance system that is based on the principle of the separation of powers in the Turkish political life. In the Presidential System, the executive body does not emanate from inside the legislative body. Both the executive body and the legislative body are directly elected by the population. This study makes a comparative examination of the parliamentarian government system and the Presidential government system in terms of separation of powers.