Yasmina Khadra'nın « Günün Geceye Borcu » adlı yapıtında savaşın bireyin kimliği üzerine etkileri / The impact of wars on human identity in Yasmina Khadra's "What the Day Owes the Night"

Currently, the identity problem is one of the prominent issues of human society. Wars and natural disasters have left people with major problems such as poverty, ignorance, racism, and the loss of social identity, forcing millions of people to migrate outside of the homeland, As a result, there have been many complex issues to which human societies have not found a genuine solution until now. In this study, we discuss the issue of « The Impact of Wars on Human Identity", taking the novel of What the Day Owes the Night by the Algerian writer Yasmina Khadra, the writer's literary name of Mohammed Moulessehoul. Our study is divided into two sections. The first section is the war as a concept and from a historical perspective, and for this purpose, we took Algeria and the War of Independence as an example. We showed the impact of the war on humans. In the second section, we discussed the concept of identity and worked on studying the social identity and the extent of how much it has been impacted by the war. In his novel, the writer raised the issue of the child Younus's suffering from the war and its psychological impact on him. After his Algerian family passed away due to the war conditions, he had to live at his uncle's house who is married to a French woman, who seeks to obliterate his mother's identity; to that end, she called him Jonas instead of Younus and simultaneously changed his traditional dress to the French one. It is at this stage that the issue of Younus's identity disorder arises between Algeria, the country in which he was born, and France, the society in which he lives. Younus coexists with the French society in Algeria, and gradually loses his relationship with the Algerian one, although his roots and love for his country remain deeply ingrained in him. We, in our study, discussed the potentiality of reconciliation between peoples after wars, which the writer refers to at the end of the story through Younus's relationship with his friend Christophe, who reconciles with him after tens of years of estrangement. The writer points out that the inevitable end to the tense relations between societies which witnessed wars between them: reconciliation, as it is absolutely necessary to reconcile and accept the different other in the end. Un des sujets les plus répandus dans notre vie réelle et dans notre époque est l'identité. L'importance de ce sujet vient des conséquences des guerres ayant frappé plusieurs pays et ayant ravagé notre univers, l'immigration des peuples d'un pays à l'autre et les épidémies qui attaquent les hommes de temps en temps. Toutes ces raisons et bien d'autres ont un rôle explicite dans l'influence sur l'identité de l'Homme. Nous parlons de la guerre comme facteur très efficace, car celle-ci laisse ses traces les plus fortes sur l'Homme parmi toutes les catastrophes. D'ailleurs la question est pourquoi nous avons choisi le roman de Yasmina Khadra Ce que le jour doit à la nuit ? Notre choix est justifié. En fait, c'est une œuvre littéraire qui s'intéresse à l'influence de la guerre de l'Indépendance algérienne sur l'identité d'Homme. Il comporte plusieurs sujets très variés comme la colonisation, la liberté, la guerre, la migration, l'intégration, l'identité, l'amour, la religion et la pauvreté. Dans notre étude nous divisons notre mémoire en deux parties essentielles ; la guerre et l'identité. Puis, nous essayons de montrer la relation entre ces deux sujets. À travers le développement de ces deux parties constitutives de la recherche, nous essayons de répondre à la question suivante : « Est-ce que la réconciliation entre les Français et les Algériens est-elle possible ? » Tout compte fait, l'auteur nous a fait parvenir un message que la réconciliation est possible à condition que nous ayons la volonté de connaître l'autre et que nous voulions vivre avec lui. Cette réconciliation est remarquable eu égard à la situation actuelle entre l'Algérie et la France. En effet, nous trouvons que la guerre appartient vraiment au passé et que l'Homme peut tourner la page pour pardonner à l'autre et commencer, par la suite, une nouvelle vie basée sur la tolérance, l'entente et l'acceptation de soi et de l'autre.