Evaluation of chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil and extracts of lagoecia cuminoides L

A comprehensive chemical composition and biological activity study was carried out on the Lagoecia cuminoides L. plant collected in the Antalya region of Turkey. The fruits essential oils (LCUY-1, LCUY-2) were hydrodistilated, and the fruit, leaf and root extracts (LCMEM, LCMEY, LCMEK, respectively) were obtained with 60% methanol. The fatty acids (LCSY-1 and LCSY-2) were obtained from the fruits. The compositions of the essential oils, fatty acids and polar extracts were investigated with GC-FID/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. The antioxidant effects of the essential oils and the extracts were evaluated by DPPH, TEAC and bioautographic HPTLC methods. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents have been determind in all the extracts. Also, the anti-α-amylase, anti-acetylcholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and extracts have been investigated. Thymol (85,7 and 28,8%), γ-terpinene (6,4 and 56,8%), and p-cymene (4,8 and 9,4%) were determined as major compounds in the essential oils. Oleic acid comprised 76,5% of LCSY-1 lipids. Unsaturated fatty acids in LCSY-2 were represented by linoleic (25,8%), oleic (24.0%) and linolenic (10,7%) acids. Saturated fatty acids were represented by hexadecanoic acid (5,7 and 28,5%) in the both fixed oils. The compounds with antioxidant effects were isolated using semipreparative HPTLC-bioautography technique and identified by spectrometric methods. Thymol, 3-caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin glycosides (rutinoside, pentoside, hexoside) have been found to be the compounds responsible for the antioxidant effect. The essential oils showed the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (36,5 and 39,3%) in the Ellman's test. All samples exhibited weak inhibitory effect against pancreatic -amylase. The tested samples showed weak to moderate antimicrobial activity in the assessment of MIC and MBC.