Correlation between the leptin with insulin hormone as a marker of developments type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

In this thesis, the relationship between leptin and insulin was investigated in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Fifty women with each diabetic disease were enrolled in the study and controlled with two groups of healthy women; each group controlled the corresponding patient's group that match the age. Leptin was significantly increased in the serum of women with T1DM, and women with T2DM compared to the corresponding control. Additionally, insulin was reduced in women with T1DM, but increased in women with T2DM. Glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were increased in both groups of patients. Ghrelin was reduced in women with T1DM, and women with T2DM, while lipid profile was altered in women with T2DM disease. Leptin was not associate with insulin in women with T1DM, but it was negatively correlated with insulin in women with T2DM disease. In conclusion, leptin and ghrelin play an important role in the pathophysiology of T1DM and T2DM diseases.