Virtual reality as a new technology for diabetes treatment in Libya: "developing diabetes management skills for healthcare workers at the Adjdabiya Diabetes Treatment Center"

Diabetes mellitus continues to pose a significant public health challenge, especially in resource-constrained environments like Libya, where traditional educational methodologies inadequately prepare healthcare professionals with both practical and compassionate competencies. This research examines the efficacy of a non-immersive VR training instrument, designed using Design Science Research Methodology, aimed at enhancing diabetes management in Ajdabiya, Libya. The instrument incorporated clinical scenarios encompassing acute hyperglycaemia, crises, and education related to gestational diabetes. 20 healthcare professionals participated in a mixed-methods evaluation. Results showed significant improvements in empathy (Jefferson Scale: M = 105.30 to 112.70, p < 0.001) and clinical performance (M = 65.40 to 82.10, p < 0.001). The system also received high usability ratings (SUS: M = 81.50/100). Findings challenge the assumption that immersive VR is essential, demonstrating that non-immersive VR can enhance decision-making and empathetic communication.