The effects of leadership styles on employees' performance, emotional intelligence and organizational citizienship behaviour and a study on employees working in a private bank in Cukurova region

This study mainly aims to find out the effects of leadership styles on employees' job performance, organizational citizenship behaviour (conscientiousness and altruism) and emotional intelligence of employees working in banks which are the most significant institutions in financial sector. The second aim of this study is to determine whether there is a significant difference between demographic factors (gender, marital status, job status, education and age) and dependent and independent variables. To achieve the aims of the study, scales that are statistically identified were included. In this respect, to collect data, 310 participants working in Çukurova Regional Offices of a bank operating all around Turkey were given a questionnaire and interviewed by taking + / - 5 % tolerance into consideration. To find out the answers to the research questions, T-test was used for binary variables and Anova test was applied for more than two variables to investigate the differentiation of demographic features. As a result of the analysis of the questionnaire data, it has been identified that there is a significant and positive effect of servant and paternalist leaderships on employees' emotional intelligence, job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour. The results of our six hypothesis tests to see intended effects were all accepted even though they are weak. In respect of the analysis about the second aim of the study, it has been identified that the effect of dependent and independent variables on "gender" has not been differentiated. Nevertheless, this case is not the same when it comes to "marital status". According to T-test results, there is a statistically significant difference in married and bachelor employees' perception of paternalist and servant leadership styles that are independent variables of the study. Yet, there is not a statistically significant difference in the perception of married and bachelor employees. According to Anova results, there is a statistically difference in the way that employees are affected by and their perception of paternalist and servant leadership and emotional intelligence when it comes to age range of employees. However, there is not a statistically significant difference in the way that employees perceive job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour when again age range is a matter of fact. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference between employees' education level and organizational citizenship behaviour. The more they are educated, the more they are influenced by organizational citizenship behaviour. No other statistically significant difference was found between other variables and the level of education. Anova test has revealed that, according to job description at work, which is one of the demographic variables, there is a statistically significant difference between "conscientiousness" and "job status" in the "others" category. The employees working in "others" category such as drivers, tea boys/ladies, servants, security guards are far more affected by conscientiousness sub-category than the other employees. Yet, managers are mostly affected by conscientiousness. As it is understood from literature review, paternalist leadership was found in Turkish culture like in Eastern culture. It has been approved through this study that the leadership traits of managers undoubtedly influence subordinates, which needs to be taken into consideration especially when companies and institutions want to choose a manager. This case highly affects job traits of employees and it has been thought that paternalist and servant leadership contribute to show managerial skills. It's important that quantitative be taken into consideration as well as qualitative ones. Nowadays, performance tables are the most important criteria for promotion in financial sector. Moreover, managerial skills of a candidate manager need to be thoroughly investigated, which contributes to financial sector. Lastly, it is thought that present managers need to be trained on this issue, which brings success to the sector as well as organizations. Keywords: Paternalist leadership, servant leadership, organizational citizenship behaviour, job performance, emotional intelligence.