Determination of some biochemical properties of Malatya Şam andGündüzbey peaches and DNA barcoding

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a stone fruit in the genus Prunus. Turkey is among the important peach producing countries. Since peach plant is easy to adapt to different ecological conditions, it is grown in many regions of Turkey. Malatya is one of the important fruit growing centers of our country. Although apricot production is at the forefront in the province, many fruit species are cultivated. In addition to the cultivation of standard peach genotypes, local Gündüzbey and Şam peach genotypes, whose production amount has decreased recently, are also grown in the province. In this study, some biochemical characteristics of Şam and Gündüzbey genotypes were revealed and genetically distinguished from other Prunus species by chloroplast DNA barcoding method. Total phenolic matter content was determined as 139.9 mg/100g in Gündüzbey genotype and 41.4 mg/100g in Şam genotype, while total flavonoid content was determined as 9.5 mg/100g in Gündüzbey genotype and 2.4 mg/100g in Şam genotype. Chlorophyll a content was 1.13 μg/g in Gündüzbey genotype and 1.82 μg/g in Şam genotype; chlorophyll b value was 0.86 μg/g in Gündüzbey genotype and 1.14 μg/g in Şam genotype. Total chlorophyll content was 1.99 μg/g in Gündüzbey genotype and 2.96 μg/g in Şam genotype and total carotenoid values were 0.10 μg/g in Gündüzbey genotype and 0.44 μg/g in Şam genotype. Gündüzbey genotype had 72.5% ABTS radical scavenging activity, 72.2% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 281.4 μmol Fe II/g FRAP value; Şam genotype had 64.2% ABTS radical scavenging activity, 55.2% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 169.3 μmol Fe II/g FRAP value. In the phylogenetic trees obtained using chloroplast (cpDNA) rbcL sequences, Gündüzbey and Şam peach genotypes were found in the same group with Prunus mira, P. kansuensis, P. dulcis, P. bucharica, P. argentea, P. grayana, P. virginiana, P. serotina species.