Various objections of unbelievers in the Meccan chapters and responses of the Holy Qur'an to these various objections (The sample of Muqatil b. Solomon)

In this thesis, some objections of the unbelievers in the Meccan Chapters and the responses given by God to these objections had been evaluated in the context of Tafsîr al-Kabîr of Muqâtil b. Solomon which was the first full commentary of the Qur'an. This work has consisted of two parts. In the first part, Muqâtil B. Solomon's life, works, studies had been examined. In the second part, the objections of the polytheists who had not accepted the invitation of the the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to Islam had been analyzed in the context of the Meccan Chapters. As a result of the observations, it had been determined that the objections were to the Almighty God, the revelation that had been sent, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who is the Messenger of God, the Muslims and the existence of the hereafter in a general sense. The objections and reasons of the unbelievers for objection had been mentioned in many verses of the Qur'an. It had been determined that the objections had been made against God because of the belief in idolatry rooted in the Meccan society. The ones had been made against the Qur'an mostly because of the source of the revelation. The objections about the Prophet Muhammad had generally stemmed from the expectation of a superhuman envoy and the desire to witness miracles. It had been seen that the unbelievers who had made various promises to make the believers give up their faith, had preferred denial about the resurrection and the existence of the hereafter too. As a result, the objections of the unbelievers to Islam during the revelation and transmission of the Qur'an and the responses to these objections had been examined with regards to explanations of Muqâtil b. Solomon about the Meccan chapters.