Education of the companions in the Meccan Qurânic chapters

The divine addresses in the Meccan chapters of the Qur'an played a decisive role in the religious identity and character building of the Companions. While the direct addresses to the Prophet and the Companions shaped the Islamic identities and values of the believers, the indirect addresses to the polytheists and the Ahl al-Kitab, together with the role model quality of the Prophet, contributed significantly to the education of the Companions and revealed the basic principles of Islamic education. The research consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, the problem, rationale, purpose, importance, scope, methods and sources of the research and the literature review are presented. In the first chapter, issues such as the environment of revelation and the relationship between revelation and the life of the prophet are discussed. In the second part, the function of educating people through the basic concepts of tawhîd (oneness of God), prophethood, belief in the Hearafter, worship, and halâl (permissible) and harâm (forbidden) within the framework of the addresses in the Maccan chapters is discussed, and the historical and social context in which the chapters were revealed is explained. In the third part, the concepts and nomenclature that are prominent in the construction of the ideal believer and the formation of the spiritual personality are discussed. Likewise, the principles of social solidarity and individual morality are clarified in the context of the addresses in these chapters. The fourth chapter focuses on the attitude of the Companions who accepted Islam towards the societies that resisted Islam and what kind of stance they took in favor of Islam in their relations with polytheists and non-Muslims. In addition, the basic parameters guiding the education of the Companions have been comprehensively evaluated in the light of the knowledge contained in the Maccan chapters. In the conclusion, the findings of the study are summarized and the main conclusions on the education of the Companions are presented. Keywords: Tafsîr, Divine address, Meccan period, Companions, Education.