Investigation of the effects of cisplatin and juglone on breast cancer cell lines

Breast cancer is one of the cancer types with the highest incidence worldwide. Worldwide, breast cancer accounts for about 12% of all cancer cases and the case/death rate is 15%. According to 2020 data, breast cancer cases account for 11% of cancer deaths. Treatment approaches in breast cancer are classified as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and targeted therapy. Chemotherapy, which is one of the methods frequently used in the treatment of breast cancer, gives more promising results day by day thanks to the increasing opportunities and the speed of access to information. Cisplatin, one of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs, interferes with DNA repair mechanisms and stimulates programmed cell death in cancer cells by causing DNA damage and aims to destroy cancer cells. In addition to chemotherapy, the use of phytochemicals, which are included in alternative medicine treatments in cancer treatment, is becoming more common day by day. An important example of these phytochemicals is juglone.Juglone, which is also found to be effective on cancer, has antioxidant, antiproliferative, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects on living cells. The development of secondary tumors in an organ or tissue region far from the primary cancer, which is the origin of cancer in the body, is called metastasis. Non-coding RNAs also have important roles in metastasis. It is seen that lncRNA and miRNAs play a key role in many control mechanisms within the cell and have both oncogenic and suppressor properties in carcinogenesis. BLACAT1, miR-155-5p and CCR2, which are involved in breast cancer metastasis, are important ncRNAs and abnormal expression levels have been observed in different subtypes of breast cancer. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of juglone and cisplatin on breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were investigated. Then, the effects of the substances applied in these cell lines on the expression levels of BLACAT1, miR155-5p and CCR2 ncRNAs were examined by qPCR. Finally, the invasiveness of cell lines was analyzed with the Transwell invasion assay.