Art and architectur of Maragha and their influenced on Anatolian

Maragheh is a city of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. This city is located next to the Sofi Chay in East of Lake Urmia and South of Sahand Mountains. Dating back to five thousand year, Maragheh is the second largest city in the province. Many great writers have visited this city and have mentioned it by different names as Afra-rud, Afraz-ruh, Afra-ruz, Afraz-rud, Marava and Maragha. For the first time, the name of Maragheh has been mentioned by Marvan Ibne Mohammad in 741 AD. Architecture and art of this city reached the pinnacle of fame between 12th and 14th AD centuries. During this era, the Seljuk and their dependents including Atabakan Ahmad Ylyan were ruling. After that period, Hulaku Khan made Maragheh the capital of the Ilkhanate and the city continued its prosperity era. Also, according to the order of Hulaku Khan, Maragheh Observatory which was one of the largest scientific centers of the world was founded by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. The city's architectural monuments belong to Seljuk, Ilkhanate, Safavid, Zandi and Qajar periods. This research investigated all monuments of Maragheh including three castles, a temple, a church, a school, an observatory, seven tombs, an inn, four bathrooms, three bridges and three historical houses completely. Furthermore, the geographical, historical, social, religious, Racial and linguistic situation of Maragheh have been examined. After careful review of the plan and sketches, the monuments of the city have been studied according to the impact that had on the art and architecture of Anatolia. For this purpose, many primary sources in Turkey were used. This study aims to introduce one of the most important Islamic cities in terms of culture and art and to disseminate it to the next generations. Keywords: Maragha, Art, Architectur, Seljuk, Ilkhanate, Safavid, Qajar