Identity formation in citizenship teaching programs from Constitutionalism to Rebublic

Identity is a concept that defines people's individually, socially, religiously, nationally and politically from past to today. While this concept has been built around tradition and religion before the Modern Age, it has been built with the Modern Age in the axis of positivism, secularism, laicism and free thought. The French Revolution put the concept of identity into an ideological form, and has been provided the emergence of nation states. With the definition of citizenship on a nation-state basis, citizenship education programs, curricula, textbooks in schools have been become the mediator of identity building. In the Modern Age, political powers have been realized through citizenship education programs, which is one of the means of reproducing ideologies. The purpose of this research is to reveal the identity desired to be built by the state ideology in primary and secondary school citizenship education programs during the Constitutional and Republican periods. In addition, it has been aimed to show the change and continuity of identity building in the process in the political and social order constructed by the ideologies of two different periods. It has been used case study, one of the qualitative research patterns in the research. The study group of the research was 1908 II. the primary and secondary school citizenship education programs that take place in the process covering the 1962 Primary School Draft Program and the Secondary School Program from the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy constitute. Document analysis has been used to collect data. Research data has been analysed by content analysis method. Themes have been formed by coding the research data. The basic framework of the study has been determined as the themes of "individual identity", "religious identity", "social identity" and "national identity". The data of primary and secondary school citizenship curriculum have been organized by content analysis method under main themes. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that the national identity building was wanted to be realized on an ideological basis in primary and secondary school citizenship education programs in the Constitutional and Republican era. In the study, it has been determined that the ideology of the Republic removed the religious identity from the citizenship education programs in the process. As a result of the research, it has been determined that individual identity construction takes place on the basis of rights and responsibilities. It is concluded that the solidarity side of social identity is emphasized in identity formation, and that national identity is realized on the basis of sacrifice, nationalism, Turkishness, and idealism. It has been stated that the ideology of power is actively involved in citizenship education programs in the formation of identity. Keywords: Ideology, Identity formation, Citizenship, Citizenship education programs