Evaluation of osteopontin and cyclin D1 expression in metastatic breast carcinoma

EVALUATION OF OSTEOPONTIN AND CYCLIN D1 EXPRESSION IN METASTATIC BREAST CARCINOMA Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. It is ranked 2nd in cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million people are diagnosed with new breast carcinoma every year. As the course of the disease depends mainly on the status of metastasis, the researches for a reliable and specific biomarker has gained importance to predict which patients will metastasize. Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic adhesive glycoprotein involved in the binding of osteoclasts in the mineralized bone matrix. OPN contributes to proliferative process and tümor progression by increasing vascular endothelial factor expression. Overexpression of Cyclin D1 (CD1) is responsible for the early stage of carcinoma formation and tümor progression by shortening the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CD1, OPN expressions and some clinicopathological parameters in patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. The study included 30 patients with local advanced stage and advanced stage who were followed in Fırat University Medical Oncology Department between 2008-2018. 10 patients without carcinoma were also included as control group. Pathological specimens of the cases were stained immunohistochemically and categorized in two as "low expression" and "high expression" for CD1 and OPN. Clinicopathological features and survival rates of the patients were evaluated statistically with in 95% confidence interval and p< 0.05. In the study, CD1 expression was found to be higher in breast cancer patients with advanced breast tissue compared to normal breast tissue, whereas OPN expression was found to be lower (p< 0.05). CD1 expression was found to be higher in the advanced stage than in the locally advanced group (p= 0.003). There was no significant difference between CD1 and OPN expression degrees and mean survival (OS). Immunohistochemically; although high CD1 and low levels of OPN seem to be biomarkers that can be used to predict the presence of metastases in invasive breast carcinoma cases, more extensive researches will clarify the unknowns. Keywords: Breast carcinoma, metastasis, cyclin D1, osteopontin