The effect of mycorrhiza, beneficial bacteria (PGPR), and some organic fertilizers on tomato plant growth, plant nutrition, yield and quality

In this study, mycorrhiza, bacteria (PGPR) biofertilizers, highly organic CaMgK, and amino acid-derived CO2 fertilizers were utilized for tomato cultivation in the ecological conditions of Malatya. The aim of this study was to reduce the reliance on mineral fertilizers in tomato cultivation and to assess the impacts of bioorganic fertilizers on yield, quality, plant growth, and plant nutrition. The Egemen F1 tomato variety was employed, and a total of 12 fertilization treatments were conducted. Mineral fertilizers were reduced by 50% and combinations were made with bio and organic fertilizers. The highest tomato yields were obtained from the CO2 + 50NPK and CaMgK + 50NPK treatments, reaching 102.0 tons/ha and 97.9 tons/ha, respectively. Compared to the control (100% NPK) application, the yields increased by 12.15% and 8.47%, respectively. Furthermore, the bio-organic fertilizers used in the experiment resulted in increased plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 capacity, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll concentration parameters. It has been observed that it positively influences the physical and chemical quality characteristics of the fruit, enhances the antioxidant capacity of the fruit, and reduces the nitrate content. Lastly, based on fruit and leaf analysis, the concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu were increased. Consequently, the bio-organic fertilizers utilized in the study had significant effects on plant growth, yield, and tomato quality. Furthermore, they promoted eco-friendly practices and reduced the cost of mineral fertilizer.