Kant'ın eleştirel felsefesinde ahlak, tanrı ve din

Our thesis aims examining the position of Kant's critical philosophy in its relation with the religion. We argue that Kant's criticism is not a categorical refutation of either natural theology or historical religion. In the first part we examine Kantian criticism of natural theology, without forgetting that it has for the purpose to designate another place for religion in its system. In the second chapter we examine the practical use of pure reason as the legitimate initiator of religion to the horizon of philosophy, appointing it as the assurance of the moral law and the guardian of hope by which man thinks himself being free of all the necessities arising from nature, and as a citizen of the intelligible world. The third part of our thesis is devoted to analyzing the position of Kant with respect to the historical religion. We explore in this chapter the fact that Kant's position is not hostile to historical religion but it is not conservative either. For him the only criterion to evaluate historical religion is the moral one and he applies this criterion to it, without paying attention to its function in the religion under consideration. By means of this last part we argue that his conception of religion is engendered from the critical philosophy in a natural but not an arbitrary way. Kant reinvents religion and attaches to it a single moral task that excludes all the other possible functions of religion.