Investigation of serum isthmin-1 levels i̇n morbidly obese patients

Obesity is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of excess fat tissue in the body. Obesity, which has existed for a long time, has become an increasing social problem in recent years, regardless of gender, age and ethnicity. Obesity, which was previously a problem affecting developed countries, has affected the whole world over time. Since 1975, the number of obese individuals worldwide has tripled. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases. Obesity increases mortality and morbidity. There are also negative effects on psychosocial conditions. Body mass index (BMI) measurement is the most commonly used method to determine the degree of obesity. Adipokines are released from adipose tissue. Adipokines are peptide hormones that regulate energy metabolism and tissue homeostasis in a paracrine and/or endocrine manner. Adipokines have an important role in the ethiology of metabolic diseases. Isthmin 1 is a recently discovered adipokine. Isthmin-1 molecule induces glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance and inhibits hepatic steatosis. In adipocytes, isthmin 1 activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase - protein kinase B pathway similar to insulin and causes an increase in glucose uptake. Insulin is an important anti-lipolytic hormone in adipocytes. Therefore, it is hypothesised that isthmin 1 signalling indirectly inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid release from adipose tissue. A full understanding of the effects of the Istmin 1 molecule gives us hope for the treatment of many metabolic diseases. Further studies are required for the efficacy and safety of future Isthmin 1-dependent treatments.