Muhammad Ammara's view of Mu'tazilite

Muhammed Ammara is a prominent scholar frequently cited in academic studies on the history of Islamic sects and theology both in Türkiye and abroad. This thesis examines the life, intellectual framework, and views of the Egyptian scholar and thinker Muhammed Ammara (1350/1931–1441/2020) regarding the Mu'tazila school of thought. Comprising an introduction and two main chapters, the introductory section outlines the methodology employed and the sources consulted. Primarily, data were collected from Ammara's own works, and his views were analyzed in conjunction with contemporary scholarly literature. The first chapter discusses Ammara's biography, scholarly persona, intellectual orientation, major works, and general perspectives on Islamic sects. The second chapter focuses on Ammara's original interpretations and analyses concerning the Mu'tazila, a school on which he conducted extensive research for many years. It was observed that Ammara viewed the Mu'tazila not merely as a historical sect but as a tradition with enduring contributions to Islamic thought, capable of offering insights into contemporary issues. In this context, Ammara is noted to have analyzed the historical development of the Mu'tazila chronologically, structuring his evaluation around the school's five core theological principles—justice, divine unity (tawḥīd), promise and threat (al-waʿd wa'l-waʿīd), the intermediate position (al-manzila bayna'l-manzilatayn), and enjoining right and forbidding wrong (al-amr bi'l-maʿrūf wa'n-nahy ʿan al-munkar). Moreover, he interpreted certain principles of the Mu'tazila through the lenses of human freedom and the relationship between religion and politics.