Critical edition and evaluation of Muhammed B. Ömer B. Mubârek El-Himyerî El-Hadrâmî'nin "Fethu'l-Akfâl Fi Şerh-i Ebniyeti'l-efʻâl (Eş-Şerhu's-Sağîr)

Arabic grammar studies that started in the first Hijri century had been reviewed under the name of "Science of Nahiv" for about two centuries. In the third Hijri century, the language rules divided into two separate expertise fields as "Syntax" and "Morphology", and from this date large number of studies that reviews the discipline of Sarf has been written. Ibn Malik, one of the Arabic grammar scholars, wrote a consumable book called Lâmiyyetu'l-eflâl consisting of 114 couplets in the aforementioned period. Our author, Muhammed b. Omar b. Mubârek el-Himyerî el-Hadramî also wrote a commentary on Lâmiyyetu'l-efʻâl, which he named Fethu'l-akfâl ve hallu'l-işkâl bi serh-i Lâmiyyeti'l-efʻâl (es-Serhu'l-kebîr). Subsequently, the author known as Bahrak, simplified the author es-Serhu'l-kebîr and rewrote his work with the name of Fethu'l-akfâl fi serh-i Ebniyeti'l-efʻâl (es-Serhu's-sagir). The work named Fethu'l-akfâl fi serh-i Ebniyeti'l-efʻâl (es-Serhu's-sağîr), which is one of the valuable works that Bahrak has contributed to the scientific literature, is the subject of our thesis. The work consists of introduction, five babs, seven chapters and the last episode. In the introduction part of the work, in addition to basmala, hamdele and salvele there are expressions that indicate the importance of the science of morphology of the work. The first bab abbreviated verb structures and conjugations, the second bab mezîd verb structures, the naib verb structures, the naibi agency, the imperative verb structures and conjugations, the third bab ism-i fâil and the ism-i mefûl structures, the fourth bab mâsi and the mâdîd masdar structures, ism- i merre and ism-i delegation include the fifth column master structures, place names indicating the multitude, and the names of the instruments. Bahrak lived in this country when the Tahirid dynasty ruled Yemen. He took language, literature, tafsir, hadith, fiqh, kalam and mysticism lessons from the leading scholars of the period in the Hadramut region. After completing his education, he performed important duties, especially being in the city of Shihr. He immigrated to India in the last period of his life and died there. It is mentioned in many sources that the author wrote over forty works. However, more than half of his books have survived to the present day, and information has been given about those obtained from these books. It has been observed that Bahrak generally wrote commentary on the works of prominent scholars of the time or summarized the works instead of writing a new work. Nine copies provided in this critical edition were examined and a total of three copies were used, the first being the corresponding original copy. The critical edition of the investigation has been created by going through the original copy that has been compared, and all the differences in the other two copies are shown in the footnote.