The influence of Muhammed İkbal's philosophy of self on morality and politics

Islamic philosophy which took place in the twentieth century has gained a new perspective. In this study, where the effect philosophy of self realized by Muhammed Ikbal on morality and politics will be taken, first of all, a general introduction will be mentioned based on the conditions in the period when he was raised. In the first part, after the studies related to the subject, the political conditions during the period when Ikbal lived, the currents that he was influenced, and the thinkers who gave directions to his personality will be mentioned. The manifestations of Ikbal on the formation philosophy of self will be tried to be examined. In the first part, we will try to classify the subject, that is, in other words, we will try to address the concepts related to the self and the elements that strengthen and weaken the self, by defining what self is, considering the conditions in where Ikbal has grown and the influence of the east-west education he got. In the second part of the study, under the moral understanding of Ikbal; the moral phenomenon, morality and metaphysics, human liberty, prayer and worship, the reflection of the self-philosophy on the principle of monotheism and the problem of badness will be mentioned. We will try to draw attention to the effects of self on morality under these headings. Under the understanding of the politics of Ikbal, in the third section that continues; the concepts and criticism of the main purpose in his political philosophy, his understanding of ideal state, basic principles and the role of morality, subjectivity and society will be emphasized with aid of perspective of the Muslim unity of political philosophy. From the point of view of the Islamic world, the main center of Ikbal's philosophy of life can be summarized as his attempt to spread the doctrine of intellectual struggle against the debilitating or even destructive effects of Western culture on the Muslim community to all segments of society. Ikbal aims to purify Muslims from moral, cultural and political heresies of Western origin and to reinterpret Islam with its core and core values and to bring it into society. While reading Ikbal's works in the study, the process has been continued theoretically. The practical part was completed by trying to translate the works written about him in the Urdu language, in Pakistan, the city where Ikbal was born. In the conclusion part of the study, which can be expressed as a general point of view, we have wanted to present it to the Turkish academic community by drawing attention to how the philosopher, who received Western education and even made academic studies in western universities, benefited from the east-west thought under the title of the effect of self-philosophy on morality and politics. Key Words: Muhammed Ikbal, Philosophy of Self, Morality, Politics, Society.